文章摘要
这篇文章详细介绍了如何通过运行`mysql_secure_installation`脚本来安全配置MariaDB服务器，确保其在生产环境中的安全性。核心步骤包括：
1. **设置和更新root密码**：确保只有经过认证的用户才能访问根权限。
2. **删除匿名用户和默认测试数据库**：避免潜在的测试权限问题。
3. **限制远程root用户访问**：防止通过网络猜测密码的安全风险。
4. **检查用户和数据库列表**：确认服务器配置已正确应用。
文章强调了每一步操作的重要性，确保MariaDB服务器在生产环境中的安全性。
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we’ll need the current
password for the root user. If you’ve just installed MariaDB, and
you haven’t set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on…
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
# set root password
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
… Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
# remove anonymous users
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
… Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from ‘localhost’. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
# disallow root login remotely
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
… Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named ‘test’ that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
# remove test database
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
– Dropping test database…
… Success!
– Removing privileges on test database…
… Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
# reload privilege tables
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
… Success!
Cleaning up…
All done! If you’ve completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
# connect to MariaDB with root
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
# show user list
MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+——+———–+——————————————-+
| user | host | password |
+——+———–+——————————————-+
| root | localhost | *E2ACEC2F2DA384EE6753673365DFEF35F0C272C9 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | *E2ACEC2F2DA384EE6753673365DFEF35F0C272C9 |
| root | ::1 | *E2ACEC2F2DA384EE6753673365DFEF35F0C272C9 |
+——+———–+——————————————-+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# show database list
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+——————–+
| Database |
+——————–+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+——————–+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye