MongoDB整库备份与还原以及单个collection备份、恢复方法（mongo备份数据库）满满干货

 mongodump.exe备份的原理是通过一次查询获取当前服务器快照，并将快照写入磁盘中，因此这种方式保存的也不是实时的，因为在获取快照后，服务器还会有数据写入，为了保证备份的安全，同样我们还是可以利用fsync锁使服务器数据暂时写入缓存中。

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备份前的检查

> show dbs

MyDB 0.0625GB

admin (empty)

bruce 0.0625GB

local (empty)

test 0.0625GB

> use MyDB

switched to db MyDB

> db.users.find()

{ “_id” : ObjectId(“4e290aa39a1945747b28f1ee”), “a” : 1, “b” : 1 }

{ “_id” : ObjectId(“4e2cd2182a65c81f21566318”), “a” : 3, “b” : 5 }

>

整库备份：

mongodump -h dbhost -d dbname -o dbdirectory

-h：MongDB所在服务器地址，例如：127.0.0.1，当然也可以指定端口号：127.0.0.1:27017

-d：需要备份的数据库实例，例如：test

-o：备份的数据存放位置，例如：c:\data\dump，当然该目录需要提前建立，在备份完成后，系统自动在dump目录下建立一个test目录，这个目录里面存放该数据库实例的备份数据。mongodump的官方说明(可通过mongodump –help查看)： options: –help produce help message -v [ –verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) –version print the program’s version and exit -h [ –host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets) –port arg server port. Can also use –host hostname:port –ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) -u [ –username ] arg username -p [ –password ] arg password –dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path, instead of connecting to a mongod server – needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used if a mongod is currently accessing the same path –directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate directory –journal enable journaling -d [ –db ] arg database to use -c [ –collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) -o [ –out ] arg (=dump) output directory or “-” for stdout -q [ –query ] arg json query –oplog Use oplog for point-in-time snapshotting –repair try to recover a crashed database –forceTableScan force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)

整库恢复：

mongorestore -h dbhost -d dbname –directoryperdb dbdirectory

-h：MongoDB所在服务器地址

-d：需要恢复的数据库实例，例如：test，当然这个名称也可以和备份时候的不一样，比如test2

–directoryperdb：备份数据所在位置，例如：c:\data\dump\test，这里为什么要多加一个test，而不是备份时候的dump，读者自己查看提示吧！

–drop：恢复的时候，先删除当前数据，然后恢复备份的数据。就是说，恢复后，备份后添加修改的数据都会被删除，慎用哦！mongorestore的官方说明(可通过mongorestore –help查看)： options: –help produce help message -v [ –verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) –version print the program’s version and exit -h [ –host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets) –port arg server port. Can also use –host hostname:port –ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) -u [ –username ] arg username -p [ –password ] arg password –dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path, instead of connecting to a mongod server – needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used if a mongod is currently accessing the same path –directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate directory –journal enable journaling -d [ –db ] arg database to use -c [ –collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) –objcheck validate object before inserting –filter arg filter to apply before inserting –drop drop each collection before import –oplogReplay replay oplog for point-in-time restore –oplogLimit arg exclude oplog entries newer than provided timestamp (epoch[:ordinal]) –keepIndexVersion don’t upgrade indexes to newest version –noOptionsRestore don’t restore collection options –noIndexRestore don’t restore indexes –w arg (=1) minimum number of replicas per write

单个collection备份：

mongoexport -h dbhost -d dbname -c collectionname -f collectionKey -o dbdirectory

-h: MongoDB所在服务器地址

-d: 需要恢复的数据库实例

-c: 需要恢复的集合

-f: 需要导出的字段(省略为所有字段)

-o: 表示导出的文件名mongoexport的官方说明(可通过mongoexport –help查看)： –help produce help message -v [ –verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) –version print the program’s version and exit -h [ –host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets) –port arg server port. Can also use –host hostname:port –ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) -u [ –username ] arg username -p [ –password ] arg password –dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path, instead of connecting to a mongod server – needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used if a mongod is currently accessing the same path –directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate directory –journal enable journaling -d [ –db ] arg database to use -c [ –collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) -f [ –fields ] arg comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age –fieldFile arg file with fields names – 1 per line -q [ –query ] arg query filter, as a JSON string –csv export to csv instead of json -o [ –out ] arg output file; if not specified, stdout is used –jsonArray output to a json array rather than one object per line -k [ –slaveOk ] arg (=1) use secondaries for export if available, default true –forceTableScan force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)

单个collection恢复：

mongoimport -d dbhost -c collectionname –type csv –headerline –file

-type: 指明要导入的文件格式

-headerline: 批明不导入第一行，因为第一行是列名

-file: 指明要导入的文件路径mongoimport的官方说明(可通过mongoimport –help查看)： –help produce help message -v [ –verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) –version print the program’s version and exit -h [ –host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets) –port arg server port. Can also use –host hostname:port –ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) -u [ –username ] arg username -p [ –password ] arg password –dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path, instead of connecting to a mongod server – needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used if a mongod is currently accessing the same path –directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate directory –journal enable journaling -d [ –db ] arg database to use -c [ –collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) -f [ –fields ] arg comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age –fieldFile arg file with fields names – 1 per line –ignoreBlanks if given, empty fields in csv and tsv will be ignored –type arg type of file to import. default: json (json,csv,tsv) –file arg file to import from; if not specified stdin is used –drop drop collection first –headerline CSV,TSV only – use first line as headers –upsert insert or update objects that already exist –upsertFields arg comma-separated fields for the query part of the upsert. You should make sure this is indexed –stopOnError stop importing at first error rather than continuing –jsonArray load a json array, not one item per line. Currently limited to 16MB.

其他导入与导出操作：

1. mongoimport -d my_mongodb -c user user.dat

参数说明:

-d 指明使用的库, 本例中为” my_mongodb”

-c 指明要导出的表, 本例中为”user”

可以看到导入数据的时候会隐式创建表结构

2. mongoexport -d my_mongodb -c user -o user.dat

参数说明:

-d 指明使用的库, 本例中为” my_mongodb”

-c 指明要导出的表, 本例中为”user”

-o 指明要导出的文件名, 本例中为”user.dat”

从上面可以看到导出的方式使用的是JSON 的样式.