SQL数据库语句大全（sql数据库语法大全）快来看

目录基础创建数据库删除数据库备份sql server创建 备份数据的 device开始 备份创建新表根据已有的表创建新表：删除新表增加一个列添加主键删除主键创建索引删除索引创建视图删除视图几个简单的基本的sql语句几个高级查询运算词UNION 运算符EXCEPT 运算符INTERSECT 运算符使用外连接left （outer） joinright （outer） joinfull/cross （outer） join分组:Group by对数据库进行操作如何修改数据库的名称提升复制表(只复制结构,源表名：a 新表名：b) (Access可用)拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名：a 目标表名：b) (Access可用)跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用)子查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间外连接查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)在线视图查询(表名1：a )between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括in 的使用方法两张关联表，删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息四表联查问题日程安排提前五分钟提醒一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页前10条记录选择在每一组b值相同的数据中对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.)包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表随机取出10条数据随机选择记录删除重复记录列出数据库里所有的表名列出表里的所有的列名列示type、vender、pcs字段，以type字段排列，case可以方便地实现多重选择，类似select 中的case。初始化表table1选择从10到15的记录技巧1=1，1=2的使用，在SQL语句组合时用的较多收缩数据库压缩数据库转移数据库给新用户以已存在用户权限检查备份集修复数据库日志清除更改某个表数据开发-经典按姓氏笔画排序数据库加密取回表中字段查看硬盘分区比较A,B表是否相等杀掉所有的事件探察器进程记录搜索开头到N条记录N到M条记录(要有主索引ID)N到结尾记录获取当前数据库中的所有用户表获取某一个表的所有字段查看与某一个表相关的视图、存储过程、函数查看当前数据库中所有存储过程查询用户创建的所有数据库查询某一个表的字段和数据类型不同服务器数据库之间的数据操作SQL Server基本函数字符串函数

CREATE DATABASE database-name

drop database dbname

USE master
EXEC sp_addumpdevice ‘disk’, ‘testBack’, ‘c:\mssql7backup\MyNwind_1.dat’

BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack

create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..)

A：create table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表)
B：create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only

drop table tabname

Alter table tabname add column col type

注：列增加后将不能删除。DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变，唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。

Alter table tabname add primary key(col)

Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)

create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….)

drop index idxname

注：索引是不可更改的，想更改必须删除重新建。

create view viewname as select statement

drop view viewname

选择：select * from table1 where 范围
插入：insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)
删除：delete from table1 where 范围
更新：update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围
查找：select * from table1 where field1 like ‘%value1%’ —like的语法很精妙，查资料!
排序：select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]
总数：select count as totalcount from table1
求和：select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1
平均：select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1
最大：select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1
最小：select min(field1) as minvalue from table1

UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表（例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2）并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 UNION一起使用时（即 UNION ALL），不消除重复行。两种情况下，派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2。

EXCEPT 运算符通过包括所有在 TABLE1 中但不在 TABLE2 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 EXCEPT 一起使用时 (EXCEPT ALL)，不消除重复行。

INTERSECT 运算符通过只包括 TABLE1 和 TABLE2 中都有的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 INTERSECT 一起使用时 (INTERSECT ALL)，不消除重复行。

SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a=b.c

sp_renamedb ‘old_name’, ‘new_name’

insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;

insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件

select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)

select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b

select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a=b.c

select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;

select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2
select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2

select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1′,’值2′,’值4′,’值6′)

delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )

select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where …..

SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff(‘minute’,f开始时间,getdate())>5

select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段=a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段

declare @start int,@end int

@sql nvarchar(600)

set @sql=’select top’+str(@end-@start+1)+’+from T where rid not in(select top’+str(@str-1)+’Rid from T where Rid>-1)’

exec sp_executesql @sql

select top 10 * form table1 where 范围

select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)

(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)

select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()

select newid()

1),delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,…)

2),select distinct * into temp from tablename
delete from tablename
insert into tablename select * from temp

评价： 这种操作牵连大量的数据的移动，这种做法不适合大容量的数据操作

3),例如：在一个外部表中导入数据，由于某些原因第一次只导入了一部分，但很难判断具体位置，这样只有在下一次全部导入，这样也就产生好多重复的字段，怎样删除重复字段

alter table tablename
–添加一个自增列
add column_b int identity(1,1)
delete from tablename where column_b not in(
select max(column_b) from tablename group by column1,column2,…)
alter table tablename drop column column_b

select name from sysobjects where type=’U’ // U代表用户

select name from syscolumns where id=object_id(‘TableName’)

select type,sum(case vender when ‘A’ then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when ‘C’ then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when ‘B’ then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type

TRUNCATE TABLE table1

select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc

if @strWhere !=”
begin
set @strSQL=’select count(*) as Total from [‘ + @tblName + ‘] where ‘ + @strWhere
end
else
begin
set @strSQL=’select count(*) as Total from [‘ + @tblName + ‘]’
end

set @strSQL=’select count(*) as Total from [‘ + @tblName + ‘] where 1=1 and ‘+ @strWhere

–重建索引
DBCC REINDEX
DBCC INDEXDEFRAG
–收缩数据和日志
DBCC SHRINKDB
DBCC SHRINKFILE

dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname)

exec sp_change_users_login ‘update_one’,’newname’,’oldname’
go

RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk=’E:\dvbbs.bak’

ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER
GO
DBCC CHECKDB(‘dvbbs’,repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK
GO
ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER
GO

SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname,
@MaxMinutes INT,
@NewSize INT

USE tablename — 要操作的数据库名
SELECT @LogicalFileName=’tablename_log’, — 日志文件名
@MaxMinutes=10, — Limit on time allowed to wrap log.
@NewSize=1 — 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)
Setup / initialize
DECLARE @OriginalSize int
SELECT @OriginalSize=size
FROM sysfiles
WHERE name=@LogicalFileName
SELECT ‘Original Size of ‘ + db_name() + ‘ LOG is ‘ +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ‘ 8K pages or ‘ +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + ‘MB’
FROM sysfiles
WHERE name=@LogicalFileName
CREATE TABLE DummyTrans
(DummyColumn char (8000) not null)

DECLARE @Counter INT,
@StartTime DATETIME,
@TruncLog VARCHAR(255)
SELECT @StartTime=GETDATE(),
@TruncLog=’BACKUP LOG ‘ + db_name() + ‘ WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY’
DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize)
EXEC (@TruncLog)
— Wrap the log if necessary.
WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) — time has not expired
AND @OriginalSize=(SELECT size FROM sysfiles WHERE name=@LogicalFileName)
AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize
BEGIN — Outer loop.
SELECT @Counter=0
WHILE ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000))
BEGIN — update
INSERT DummyTrans VALUES (‘Fill Log’) DELETE DummyTrans
SELECT @Counter=@Counter + 1
END
EXEC (@TruncLog)
END
SELECT ‘Final Size of ‘ + db_name() + ‘ LOG is ‘ +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ‘ 8K pages or ‘ +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + ‘MB’
FROM sysfiles
WHERE name=@LogicalFileName
DROP TABLE DummyTrans
SET NOCOUNT OFF

exec sp_changeobjectowner ‘tablename’,’dbo’

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch
@OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),
@NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)
AS
DECLARE @Name as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @Owner as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @OwnerName as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR
select ‘Name’=name,
‘Owner’=user_name(uid)
from sysobjects
where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner
order by name
OPEN curObject
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
BEGIN
if @Owner=@OldOwner
begin
set @OwnerName=@OldOwner + ‘.’ + rtrim(@Name)
exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner
end
— select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
END
close curObject
deallocate curObject
GO

declare @i int
set @i=1
while @i<30
begin
insert into test (userid) values(@i)
set @i=@i+1
end

while((select min(score) from tb_table)<60)

begin

update tb_table set score=score*1.01

where score<60

if (select min(score) from tb_table)>60

break

else

continue

end

Select * From TableName Order By CustomerName Collate Chinese_PRC_Stroke_ci_as //从少到多

select encrypt(‘原始密码’)
select pwdencrypt(‘原始密码’)
select pwdcompare(‘原始密码’,’加密后密码’)=1–相同；否则不相同 encrypt(‘原始密码’)
select pwdencrypt(‘原始密码’)
select pwdcompare(‘原始密码’,’加密后密码’)=1–相同；否则不相同

declare @list varchar(1000),
@sql nvarchar(1000)
select @list=@list+’,’+b.name from sysobjects a,syscolumns b where a.id=b.id and a.name=’表A’
set @sql=’select ‘+right(@list,len(@list)-1)+’ from 表A’
exec (@sql)

EXEC master..xp_fixeddrives

if (select checksum_agg(binary_checksum(*)) from A)=(select checksum_agg(binary_checksum(*)) from B)
print ‘相等’
else
print ‘不相等’

DECLARE hcforeach CURSOR GLOBAL FOR SELECT ‘kill ‘+RTRIM(spid) FROM master.dbo.sysprocesses
WHERE program_name IN(‘SQL profiler’,N’SQL 事件探查器’)
EXEC sp_msforeach_worker ‘?’

Select Top N * From 表

Select Top M-N * From 表 Where ID in (Select Top M ID From 表) Order by ID Desc

Select Top N * From 表 Order by ID Desc

select Name from sysobjects where xtype=’u’ and status>=0

select name from syscolumns where id=object_id(‘表名’)
select name from syscolumns where id in (select id from sysobjects where type=’u’ and name=’表名’)

select a.* from sysobjects a, syscomments b where a.id=b.id and b.text like ‘%表名%’

select name as 存储过程名称 from sysobjects where xtype=’P’

select * from master..sysdatabases D where sid not in(select sid from master..syslogins where name=’sa’)
或者
select dbid, name AS DB_NAME from master..sysdatabases where sid <> 0x01

select column_name,data_type from information_schema.columns
where table_name=’表名’

–创建链接服务器
exec sp_addlinkedserver ‘ITSV ‘, ‘ ‘, ‘SQLOLEDB ‘, ‘远程服务器名或ip地址 ‘
exec sp_addlinkedsrvlogin ‘ITSV ‘, ‘false ‘,null, ‘用户名 ‘, ‘密码 ‘
–查询示例
select * from ITSV.数据库名.dbo.表名
–导入示例
select * into 表 from ITSV.数据库名.dbo.表名
–以后不再使用时删除链接服务器
exec sp_dropserver ‘ITSV ‘, ‘droplogins ‘
–连接远程/局域网数据(openrowset/openquery/opendatasource)
–1、openrowset
–查询示例
select * from openrowset( ‘SQLOLEDB ‘, ‘sql服务器名 ‘; ‘用户名 ‘; ‘密码 ‘,数据库名.dbo.表名)
–生成本地表
select * into 表 from openrowset( ‘SQLOLEDB ‘, ‘sql服务器名 ‘; ‘用户名 ‘; ‘密码 ‘,数据库名.dbo.表名)
–把本地表导入远程表
insert openrowset( ‘SQLOLEDB ‘, ‘sql服务器名 ‘; ‘用户名 ‘; ‘密码 ‘,数据库名.dbo.表名)
select *from 本地表
–更新本地表
update b
set b.列A=a.列A
from openrowset( ‘SQLOLEDB ‘, ‘sql服务器名 ‘; ‘用户名 ‘; ‘密码 ‘,数据库名.dbo.表名)as a inner join 本地表 b
on a.column1=b.column1
–openquery用法需要创建一个连接
–首先创建一个连接创建链接服务器
exec sp_addlinkedserver ‘ITSV ‘, ‘ ‘, ‘SQLOLEDB ‘, ‘远程服务器名或ip地址 ‘
–查询
select *
FROM openquery(ITSV, ‘SELECT * FROM 数据库.dbo.表名 ‘)
–把本地表导入远程表
insert openquery(ITSV, ‘SELECT * FROM 数据库.dbo.表名 ‘)
select * from 本地表
–更新本地表
update b
set b.列B=a.列B
FROM openquery(ITSV, ‘SELECT * FROM 数据库.dbo.表名 ‘) as a
inner join 本地表 b on a.列A=b.列A
–3、opendatasource/openrowset
SELECT *
FROM opendatasource( ‘SQLOLEDB ‘, ‘Data Source=ip/ServerName;User ID=登陆名;Password=密码 ‘ ).test.dbo.roy_ta
–把本地表导入远程表
insert opendatasource( ‘SQLOLEDB ‘, ‘Data Source=ip/ServerName;User ID=登陆名;Password=密码 ‘).数据库.dbo.表名
select * from 本地表

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